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Advances in Microbiology

MSc 1st Semester — Past Questions

Tribhuvan University

Institute of Science and Technology

Microbiology (MB 501)

New Course

2081 — Advances in Microbiology

Level: Master Level / Science & Technology / First Semester   |   Full Marks: 45   |   Pass Marks: 22.5   |   Time: 2 Hours

Group A — Long Answer Questions

Attempt any TWO questions. (2 × 10 = 20)

  1. How does integration of classical and molecular methods used for accurate classification and identification of bacteria? Mention examples to illustrate its effectiveness. (8+2)
  2. Describe in details classification system of viruses. (10)
  3. How does General Secretory Pathway (GSP) enable protein secretion in bacteria? What are the main components and steps involved in GSP for translocation? (4+6)

Group B — Short Answer Questions

Attempt any THREE questions. (3 × 5 = 15)

  1. Describe mode of nutrition in fungi.
  2. What is mixed acid fermentation? Briefly mention its significance in bacterial metabolism.
  3. What are lytic and lysogenic phage? Mention the importance of lysogenic phage in bacteria.
  4. Differentiate between lag phase and log phase of bacterial growth.

Group C — Very Short Answer Questions

Attempt any FIVE questions. (5 × 2 = 10)

  1. Outline the pentose phosphate pathway.
  2. Mention the chemical composition of bacterial cell wall.
  3. Define phylogenetic tree.
  4. "Inflammation can lead to the disruption of tight junctions." How?
  5. Mention the role of ATP in metabolism.
  6. Enlist continuous cell lines for cultivation of viruses.

2080 — Advances in Microbiology

Level: Master Level / Science & Technology / First Semester   |   Full Marks: 45   |   Pass Marks: 22.5   |   Time: 2 Hours

Group A — Long Answer Questions

Attempt any TWO questions. (2 × 10 = 20)

  1. How does group translocation differ from other transport mechanisms? Discuss its significance in prokaryotic metabolism. (6+4)
  2. Describe in details Baltimore classification system of viruses. (10)
  3. What are dichotomous keys used in microbial identification and classification? Describe various methods used in determining microbial taxonomy and phylogeny for closely related microbial species. (3+7)

Group B — Short Answer Questions

Attempt any THREE questions. (3 × 5 = 15)

  1. Classify the fungi on the basis of mycoses.
  2. Why continuous culture systems are so useful to microbiologists?
  3. What are inclusion bodies? Enlist any five inclusion bodies produced by viruses.
  4. Describe the protein secretory Type-II pathway.

Group C — Very Short Answer Questions

Attempt any FIVE questions. (5 × 2 = 10)

  1. What is Electron Transport Chain?
  2. Mention the chemical composition and functions of bacterial capsule.
  3. Enlist various factors essential for growth of bacteria.
  4. Enlist continuous cell lines used for cultivation of viruses.
  5. Calculate the ATP generated in TCA cycle.
  6. Define mixed acid fermentation.

2079 — Advances in Microbiology

Level: Master Level / Science & Technology / First Semester   |   Full Marks: 45   |   Pass Marks: 22.5   |   Time: 2 Hours

Group A — Long Answer Questions

Attempt any TWO questions. (2 × 10 = 20)

  1. What is polyphasic taxonomy in bacteria? How this approach is used to determine the particular genus and species of bacteria? (2+8)
  2. Describe various cultivation techniques used for isolation of viruses. (10)
  3. Illustrate various steps of TCA cycle. Calculate the ATP generated in TCA cycle. (7+3)

Group B — Short Answer Questions

Attempt any THREE questions. (3 × 5 = 15)

  1. Differentiate between Primary and secondary active transport with examples.
  2. Explain any one continuous growth culture system for bacteria.
  3. Describe in brief asexual reproduction in fungi.
  4. Illustrate mechanism of epithelial tight junction disruption by pathogenic bacteria.

Group C — Very Short Answer Questions

Attempt any FIVE questions. (5 × 2 = 10)

  1. Mention the chemical composition of flagella.
  2. Distinguish between catabolism and anabolism.
  3. Mention Baltimore scheme for virus classification.
  4. What are dimorphic fungi? Enlist them.
  5. Define simple matching coefficient and Jaccard coefficient.
  6. What are general secretory pathways for protein secretion in Gram negative bacteria?

2077 — Advances in Microbiology

Level: Master Level / Science & Technology / First Semester   |   Full Marks: 45   |   Pass Marks: 22.5   |   Time: 2 Hours

Group A — Long Answer Questions

Attempt any TWO questions. (2 × 10 = 20)

  1. Describe the components and mechanism of type IV secretion system in bacteria. Point out its significance. (7+3)
  2. Describe the Baltimore scheme of classification of virus. (10)
  3. Give an account of mixed acid fermentation and lactic acid fermentation. (5+5)

Group B — Short Answer Questions

Attempt any THREE questions. (3 × 5 = 15)

  1. Describe briefly the polyphasic approaches of bacterial classification.
  2. Explain the mechanism of group translocation transport of glucose.
  3. Describe the classification scheme of fungi.
  4. Describe bacterial growth curve.

Group C — Very Short Answer Questions

Attempt any FIVE questions. (5 × 2 = 10)

  1. Differentiate lytic and lysogenic phase of virus.
  2. What are the differences between a cladogram and a dichotomous key?
  3. What are different nutritional types of fungi?
  4. Outline ED pathway with its enzymes.
  5. Point out factors that induce stationary phase during bacterial growth in batch culture.
  6. Mention different modes of viral entry into host cell.

2076 — Advances in Microbiology

Level: Master Level / Science & Technology / First Semester   |   Full Marks: 45   |   Pass Marks: 22.5   |   Time: 2 Hours

Group A — Long Answer Questions

Attempt any TWO questions. (2 × 10 = 20)

  1. Describe chick embryo cultivation and tissue culture techniques used for isolation of viruses. (10)
  2. Illustrate various process of active transport and group translocation of nutrients in bacteria. (6+4)
  3. Define dichotomous key? Describe basis for classification of bacteria. (2+8)

Group B — Short Answer Questions

Attempt any THREE questions. (3 × 5 = 15)

  1. Mention the clinical classification of fungi.
  2. Differentiate between Type-III and Type-IV Protein secretory pathway.
  3. How do bacteria subvert the host cell Cytoskeleton to promote their own survival?
  4. Mention the role of ATP in metabolism.

Group C — Very Short Answer Questions

Attempt any FIVE questions. (5 × 2 = 10)

  1. Define synchronous growth.
  2. What is helical and cuboidal symmetry of virus?
  3. Enlist the names of dimorphic fungi.
  4. Enlist any four bacteria that cannot cultivate in artificial media.
  5. What are iron transporters?
  6. Define histograms.

2075 — Chance Examination

Level: Master Level / Science & Technology / First Semester   |   Full Marks: 45   |   Pass Marks: 22.5   |   Time: 2 Hours

Group A — Long Answer Questions

Attempt any TWO questions. (2 × 10 = 20)

  1. Discuss in detail classification of bacteria adopted by Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. (10)
  2. What is fermentation? Describe butanediol acid and lactic acid fermentation processes. (2+8)
  3. Describe classification of viruses. (10)

Group B — Short Answer Questions

Attempt any THREE questions. (3 × 5 = 15)

  1. Describe life cycle of yeast with diagram.
  2. Explain type I secretory pathway of protein in bacteria.
  3. Describe the composition and function of bacterial flagella.
  4. Describe the different phases of bacterial growth curve.

Group C — Very Short Answer Questions

Attempt any FIVE questions. (5 × 2 = 10)

  1. Differentiate between catabolism and anabolism with suitable example.
  2. Define phylogenetic tree. Mention its significance.
  3. Outline ED pathway.
  4. Mention medical classification of fungi.
  5. Define ABC transporter and its role.
  6. Enlist different methods of detection of virus.

2074 — Advances in Microbiology

Level: Master Level / Science & Technology / First Semester   |   Full Marks: 45   |   Pass Marks: 22.5   |   Time: 2 Hours

Group A — Long Answer Questions

Attempt any TWO questions. (2 × 10 = 20)

  1. Describe lytic multiplication cycle in bacteriophages. How it is different from that of animal viruses? (7+3)
  2. What is mechanism of ATP generation in bacteria? Mention the role of ATPs in bacterial metabolism. (5+5)
  3. What are major systems of protein secretion in Gram negative bacteria? (10)

Group B — Short Answer Questions

Attempt any THREE questions. (3 × 5 = 15)

  1. Point out advantages and limitations of DNA-DNA hybridization method in bacterial taxonomy.
  2. How do ABC transporters contribute to active transport of molecules in bacterial cell?
  3. What are different modes of reproduction in yeasts? Illustrate life cycle of a typical yeast cell.
  4. What are metabolic advantages of hexose and pentose phosphate pathways?

Group C — Very Short Answer Questions

Attempt any FIVE questions. (5 × 2 = 10)

  1. Define and express numeric relation between bacterial growth rate and generation time.
  2. What are two allosteric enzymes that catalyze two steps of EMP pathway?
  3. Differentiate primary and continuous cell lines for virus culture.
  4. What is the composition of fungal cell wall?
  5. What is the basis of constructing phylogenetic tree of bacteria?
  6. Differentiate light and dark reactions during growth of photoautotrophs.